![]() Regarding nanofiber technology in the field of textiles, the US government was quick to recognize the innovative effects of nanofibrils and consider them a strategically important technology. Furthermore, nanometer-scale interactions between macromolecules and organisms have the potential to create new structures ( Drexler, 1992 Taton, 2003). Nanotechnology has also been extended to living organisms, known as nanobiotechnology. Nanotechnology, which is based on clarification of the surface structure of substances on the nanoscale and their interface interactions, has changed conventional concepts in materials science. As nanocellulose research is a broad area involving various fields, the cited references are limited to the scope of the author’s knowledge. This method successfully decomposes interactions selectively without damaging the molecular structure, finally liberating components of various sizes into water to provide a transparent and homogeneous component–water system. The advantages of our recently developed technique, nanopulverization by aqueous counter collision, are also discussed. This review article aims to describe trends in nanofiber technology among downsizing processes applied to cellulose as a representative biomass, ranging from fundamentals to recent techniques. However, fabrication can also be achieved through a top-down process, with various such downsizing methods now in development. Nature usually achieves such fabrication through a bottom-up process. Key to each step is the formation of interactions at each individual scale. In general, hierarchical structures in bio-based materials are built up by molecular self-assembly, followed by nanoassembly to form higher-level structures. This has also strongly influenced natural biomass products with hierarchically built-up structures. The MaEO/ water stabilized-CNF emulsion is a promissory natural disinfectant with antibacterial activity against these bacteria strains, including the capability to damage the spike proteins at the SARS-CoV-2 particle surface after 15 min of direct contact when the MaEO concentration is 30 % v/v.Advances in nanotechnology have changed conventional concepts in materials science. The bacteria inhibition zone assays show that the most stable emulsions showed antimicrobial activity comparable to commercial disinfectant agents such as hypochlorite. The factorial design of experiments (DoE) indicates that CNF content and mixing time have significant effects on preventing the MaEO droplets' coalescence during 30-day shelf life. FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopies indicate that the CNF stabilizes the MaEO droplets in water by the dipole-induced-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds. Moreover, MaEO deactivated the SARS-CoV-2 virions immediately. MaEO and the emulsions presented antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. In this contribution, MaEO-in- water Pickering emulsions were successfully stabilized with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) by a simple mixing procedure. Electronic address: Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (MaEO) is a green antimicrobial agent suitable for confection eco-friendly disinfectants to substitute conventional chemical disinfectants commonly formulated with toxic substances that cause dangerous environmental impacts. Rosa DS Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.Martinho HS Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.Mourão A Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. ![]() Ramiro Colleoni, 240, CEP 09040-160 Santo André, SP, Brazil. Col RD Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santo André Regional Center, Av.de Campos IB Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santo André Regional Center, Av.Yudice EDC Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santo André Regional Center, Av.Souza AG Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.da Silva DJ Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.da S Ferreira G Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. ![]()
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